This study deals with the history of the Umayyad Caliphate from its political aspect objectively. The events of the Umayyad history formed a vast Islamic state, in which multiple elements interacted, and witnessed different social and national structures, and political, economic and social developments. In fact, the events of Umayyad history formed a sprawling Islamic state on which multiple elements interacted, and witnessed different social and national structures, and political, economic and social developments that determined its course and approach, and the most prominent factor in making these events and their developments is the belief and its radical impact on Islamic society.