The four schools of jurisprudence arose in the arms of the Companions' jurisprudence and sciences, and their roots extend to their methodology in the way of recognizing legal rulings, learning about religion, and ijtihad in interpreting texts and deducing from them or representing them in terms of action.
The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, represented the facts with their analogies and opened the door of ijtihad for the scholars, and they returned some of them to each other in their rulings and showed them the way, and then the scholars of the followers were organized in this wonderful approach.
From here, the imams of the four schools of jurisprudence have been followed until the present time, as they have written down their opinions in books spread in the horizons from the students of the schools of the Companions, as they drew from their knowledge and graduated from their schools and the owners of these schools Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan and his Hanafi doctrine, Imam Malik bin Anas and his Maliki doctrine, Imam Muhammad bin Idris Al-Shafei and his Shafi'i doctrine, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and his Hanbalite doctrine, and his Hanbali doctrine, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and his Hanbali doctrine.
The Four Schools of Jurisprudence
There are many volumes written about the four schools of thought on the Dar Al-Zaman Publishing and Distribution Library The first and leading website in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which includes a large number of books in various fields, whether educational, scientific, literary, cultural, artistic, historical, foreign translated books or children's books, all by major well-known authors in the world and in the Arab world.
We know very well the benefits of reading for the reader and society. It improves reading, writing and speaking skills, it also helps to enhance memory and intelligence, increases the reader's vocabulary and communication skills, as well as the ability to write down and learn about history in previous eras.
The four schools of jurisprudence are considered the most famous and widespread major schools in the Islamic world. They have received attention, codification, research and study, and have met with great acceptance among people, who have worked and passed them on since their establishment until the present time, and the four schools of jurisprudence are considered the most famous schools of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah at all.
The Hanafi doctrine was summarized from the school of jurisprudence of Kufa, and the first to formulate it was Imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man, and it was cleared from the school of jurisprudence of Madinah, and the second doctrine was the Maliki doctrine, and the first to formulate it was Imam Malik ibn Anas.
As for the Shafi'i school of thought, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i took it from Malik, the companions of Abu Hanifa, and other jurists from Mecca, Medina, and elsewhere.
He combined the doctrines of the people of Hijaz and the doctrines of the people of Iraq, and was interested in language and its rules. He also formulated the science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence, and he is the first to formulate the Shafi'i doctrine, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal took from Shafi'i, and he was interested in hadith and was influenced by Sufyan al-Thawri's jurisprudence.
The Hanafi school of thought, named after Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man
The Hanafis are attributed to Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man ibn Thabit ibn Al-Timi Al-Kufi. The Imam was born in 80 AH and was a pious jurist who worked on the principle of analogy in the sources of jurisprudence, comparing them and reviewing their attribution texts to increase his knowledge in jurisprudential affairs, and when Al-Mansour asked him to assign him the judiciary, he refused for fear that he would oppress anyone, but Al-Mansour imprisoned him for his refusal and died in 150 AH, Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan.
Maliki doctrine, attributed to Malik ibn Anas
The madhhab is attributed to Abu Abdullah Malik ibn Anas ibn Abi Amer Al-Asbahi, who was born in Madinah in 93 AH and sought knowledge from a young age, so he took from Nafi', the guardian of Abdullah ibn Umar and others, and died in Madinah in 179 AH and was buried in Al-Baqi'.
The Shafi'i school of thought, attributed to Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i
The madhhab is attributed to Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Idris al-Qurashi al-Shafi'i. He was an orphan, born in 150 AH in Gaza, after which his mother returned to Mecca at the age of two years, and he died in 204 AH at the age of about fifty-four years.
The Hanbali school of thought, attributed to Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal
This doctrine is due to Imam Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal ibn Hanbal ibn Hilal al-Dhahli al-Shaibani, the Imam was born in Iraq in Baghdad in 164 AH and moved between Damascus, Hijaz and Yemen, and obtained a share of knowledge and abundant science, and he is one of the largest disciples of Shafi'i in Baghdad, then he became a mujtahid and distinguished himself from his peers by memorizing the Sunnah of the Prophet and doctrinal issues from his teacher.
What has been written about the four schools of jurisprudence
Here are the best books written about the four schools of jurisprudence, including the following:
Manaqib al-Shafi'i's book Manaqib al-Imam al-Shafi'i
The book Manaqib Imam Shafi'i It is one of the most important books written about the four schools of jurisprudence. It is a brief book that includes a lot of information that Al-Dhahabi included in the History of Islam about Imam al-Shafi'i, notable Shafi'i scholars in the Levant, Egypt, Hijaz, Khorasan and Iraq. Ibn Qadi Shahba benefited in his selection of Manaqib al-Shafi'i from the many manaqib books that have been compiled, the most important of which is Manaqib al-Shafi'i by al-Baihaqi.
Encyclopedia of Contemporary Religions, Beliefs, and Parties
Book The Easy Encyclopedia of Contemporary Religions, Beliefs and Parties It is one of the most important sources that contain almost complete information about different religions and religious doctrines that deal with their origins and development and that look at them from a Salafi point of view.
Points of Convergence Between Islamic Schools of Thought
The book contains Points of convergence between Islamic schools of thought The book contains almost complete information on various religions and religious doctrines dealing with origins and evolution that are viewed from a Salafi point of view.
Previously, we introduced you to the four schools of jurisprudence, where we took a brief look at the lives of the four imams, and then we discussed some of the books available to us that relate to some of the schools of jurisprudence so that you can familiarize yourself with them and benefit from them as much as possible.